Understanding the Requirements for Law Enforcement Officers When Providing Garrity Statements
Law enforcement officers are often required to provide statements during investigations. One crucial type of statement is the Garrity statement, named after the landmark case Garrity v. New Jersey.
This unique statement addresses the delicate balance between officers' obligation to cooperate with investigations and their constitutional rights. In this blog post, we will delve into the requirements for officers when providing Garrity statements.
Background on Garrity Statements
To comprehend the requirements, it's essential to understand the origin of Garrity statements. In the Garrity case, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that statements compelled from public employees, including law enforcement officers, cannot be used against them in a subsequent criminal prosecution. Garrity statements can be oral or written and often occur during internal investigative interviews relating to incidents of alleged misconduct. Garrity interviews are commonly conducted if any officer-involved shooting or critical incident occurs, and now also can occur while a concurrent criminal investigation is pending. Officers and departments need to be aware of the specific conditions that officers must adhere to when providing these statements:
1. Compelled Nature of Garrity Statements:
Garrity statements are considered compelled statements, meaning officers must provide them as part of their official duties or risk disciplinary action, including but not limited to termination if they fail to comply.
2. Protection Against Self-Incrimination:
The Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution protects individuals from self-incrimination. Officers providing Garrity statements are shielded from having their statements used against them in criminal cases. This protection is contingent upon the statement's compelled nature and the investigation's administrative, non-criminal nature.
3. Limited Use of Statements:
Officers must understand that Garrity statements are exclusively for administrative investigations. These statements cannot be used in criminal prosecutions, ensuring that officers can be forthcoming without fear of legal consequences. However, law enforcement agencies may be required to disclose a police officer’s compelled statement to prosecutors who are pressing charges against the police officer, which attorneys in a criminal case may review but not use in court.
4. Full Cooperation Required:
While officers have the right to remain silent in criminal proceedings, Garrity statements necessitate full cooperation. Officers are obligated to answer questions truthfully and completely during administrative investigations. Refusing to answer or providing false information in Garrity statements can lead to disciplinary actions, including termination.
5. Legal Representation:
Officers have the right to have legal representation during the Garrity statement process. This ensures their rights are protected and they receive proper guidance while providing information during the investigation.
6. Documented Procedures:
Law enforcement agencies often have specific procedures in place for obtaining Garrity statements. Officers should be familiar with these procedures and follow them accordingly to ensure that their rights are protected throughout the process.
7. Parallel Investigations:
When there is a parallel pending criminal and internal investigation, law enforcement agencies should implement a firewall between the investigations to ensure information from the internal investigation is kept separate from the criminal investigation. Law enforcement agencies should never interview officers in criminal and internal investigations together.
8. Use of Statements in Criminal Investigations:
A law enforcement agency cannot terminate an officer based on their refusal to provide a statement in a criminal investigation. If an officer is read Miranda warnings or is interviewed by an outside agency, Garrity will not protect their statements, which may be used against them. However, the government cannot use a public employee’s statements against them in a criminal proceeding if the employee made the statements under threat of discipline or termination.
Officers Need to Know Their Rights and Obligations under Garrity.
In navigating the complex intersection of an officer's duty to cooperate with investigations and their constitutional rights, Garrity statements play a vital role. Understanding the requirements for officers when providing these statements is essential for maintaining the delicate balance between accountability and protecting individual rights within the law enforcement community.
Contact A Police Defense Lawyer Today
SBBL Law works closely with law enforcement officers and agencies throughout Michigan to defend officers accused of wrongdoing, including when faced with internal investigations and criminal charges. With a large portion of the SBBL Law team having a background in law enforcement and prosecution before becoming criminal defense attorneys, our team is uniquely positioned to understand the split-second decisions that officers must make in high-stakes and high-stress situations. We are committed to ensuring that anyone charged with wrongdoing, including police officers, receives fair treatment under the law and a staunch defense. We work with use-of-force experts to prove the reasonableness of the officer’s actions in light of their training and the circumstances presented.
SBBL Law’s police misconduct specialist, Mikayla Hamilton
Contact SBBL’s Officer Misconduct Team:
Call 1-888-536-5900 or fill out our online form.